1、人道主义项目
In the podcast Awake at Night, Melissa Fleming, the chief spokesperson for the United NationsHigh Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), explores what it takes to be a humanitarian workerin some of the world's most difficult and dangerous situations.
联合国难民事务高级专员公署首席发言人梅丽莎·弗莱明在《夜不能寐》播客中探讨了 在世界最困难且最危险的情况下如何成为一名人道主义工作者。
The stories are heartbreaking and harrowing and utterly fascinating. Humanitarian aid workershave to be incredibly mentally tough to spend every day trying to make the world a little betterfor people facing their darkest hours.
这些故事令人伤心难过，却极具吸引力。人道主义救援人员必须有坚强的意志，为了那 些身处黑暗时刻的人们，每天都努力让世界变得更好。
While most aid workers are happy to help disaster victims, refugees, displaced persons, andfamilies find a path forward, it's tough work. PTSD, anxiety, and stress-related illnesses areall well-known side effects of humanitarian work.
虽然大多数救援人员都乐于帮助灾民、难民、流离失所之人和家庭找出前进的道路，但 这却是一项艰巨的工作。众所周知，创伤后应激障碍、焦虑以及与压力有关的疾病都是人道 主义工作的副作用。
1
Now aid workers are getting a little help to take care of themselves. 现在救援人员获得了一些帮助来照顾自己。
The United Nations Foundation along with the athleisure-wear brand Lululemon created Peaceon Purpose, a program that provides UN development and humanitarian workers with yoga andmindfulness training to help counteract stress, strengthen leadership, and build resiliency.
联合国基金会与运动休闲服装品牌露露柠檬(Lululemon)共同创立了“为了和平”项目， 为联合国发展和人道主义工作者提供瑜伽和正念训练，以帮助他们抵抗压力、提升领导力和 恢复能力。
According to Calvin McDonald, Lululemon's CEO, the program was created specifically with theneeds of humanitarian workers in mind.
露露柠檬的首席执行官卡尔文·麦克唐纳表示，该项目是专门为满足人道主义工作者的 需求而设立的。
"They face unique pressures and challenging situations, and the program provides insightsinto mindfulness for a variety of situations," McDonald told Fast Company in an email, explaining that they tailored yoga, meditation, and mindfulness training programs to UN staffand local leaders.
2
“他们面临着特殊的压力和富有挑战性的形势，该项目为各种情况下的正念提供了见 解，”麦克唐纳在电子邮件中告诉快公司，并解释道，他们为联合国工作人员和当地领导人 量身定制了瑜伽、冥想和正念培训的课程。
Lululemon has built a social impact program into its corporate culture, including oneelement, dubbed Here to Be, that helps communities access yoga, meditation, andmindfulness.
露露柠檬已在其企业文化中建立了一个有社会影响力的项目，其中包括一个要素，被称 为“在这里”(Here toBe)，以帮助公众学习瑜伽，冥想和正念。
It's supported more than 300 nonprofit organizations since 2016 and knew the program canhelp in even the most stressful environments.
自 2016 年以来，它已经支持了 300 多个非营利组织，而且据了解该项目可以在最紧 张的情况下提供帮助。
明星们的吉尼斯世界记录
Jackie Chan holds the record for most stunts by a living actor.
成龙:特技最多的在世演员
The actor, producer, and stunt coordinator has held the record for most stunts by a living actorsince 2012. He has appeared in more than 100 films
3
since 1962 and has sustained a numberof injuries in the process, including a broken nose, broken cheekbones, and a broken skull.
演员、制片人、武术指导成龙在 2012 年被吉尼斯认定为特技最多的在世演员。成龙自 1962 年以来出演了 100 多部电影，其间受伤多次，包括鼻子骨折、颧骨断裂、头骨碎裂。
Jennifer Lawrence is the highest-grossing action movie heroine. 詹妮弗·劳伦斯:票房最高动作片女星
Jennifer Lawrence earned a spot in the Guinness World Records book for being the highest-grossing action movie heroine. The "Red Sparrow" star earned her title after the massivesuccess of the "Hunger Games" franchise, as well as the "X-Men" franchise.
詹妮弗·劳伦斯作为票房最高的动作片女星而被载入吉尼斯世界纪录。曾主演《红雀》 的劳伦斯在《饥饿游戏》和《X 战警》系列电影大获成功后摘得了这项殊荣。
Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson holds the record for taking selfies. 巨石强森:打破自拍纪录
The Rock holds the record for most selfies taken in three minutes, at an impressive 105.
巨石强森成为了三分钟内拍最多自拍照的纪录保持者，高达 105 张。 Vanna White is the world's most frequent clapper.
4
凡娜·怀特:鼓掌最频繁的人
The longtime co-host for "Wheel of Fortune" has earned a unique place in the record books. Vanna White holds the record for most frequent clapper, after clapping an estimated3,721,446 times over the course of the show's 32 seasons.
长年担任美国智力答题节目《幸运之轮》主持人的凡娜·怀特保持着一项独特的吉尼斯 世界纪录。她是世界上鼓掌最频繁的人，她在 32 季节目中共计鼓掌 3721446 次。
According to the Guinness World Records, White claps an estimated 606 times per show.
根据吉尼斯世界纪录，怀特每期节目鼓掌约为 606 次。
Betty White's long-lasting career earned her a Guinness World Record. 贝蒂·怀特:荧屏生涯最 长的女艺人
The record for the female entertainer with the longest TV career goes to Betty White. With acareer that began in 1939, White has acted for over 74 years, with roles in shows such as "TheGolden Girls," "The Mary Tyler Moore Show," and "The Carol Burnett Show."
贝蒂·怀特成为“荧屏生涯最 长女艺人”这项纪录的保持者。1939 年出道的怀特演 艺生涯长达 74 年，参演过《黄金女郎》、《玛丽·泰勒·摩尔秀》、《卡洛尔·伯纳特秀》 等多部剧。
5
Eminem holds the record for the most words in a hit song. 埃米纳姆:热门歌曲字数最多的人
In 2013, Eminem set the world record for the most words in a hit song thanks to "Rap God," which clocks in at 1,560 words in six minutes and four seconds.
2013 年，埃米纳姆的热门歌曲《说唱天神》因为单词数最多而打破了世界纪录，在 6 分钟 4 秒内唱了 1560 个单词。
Cristiano Ronaldo has the most Instagram followers overall. C 罗:Instagram 粉丝最多的人
In April 2019, soccer star Cristiano Ronaldo was declared the most followed person onInstagram, with more than 186 million followers. Prior to his reign, Selena Gomez held the titlefor multiple years.
2019 年 4 月，足球明星克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多被宣布为 Instagram 上粉丝最多的 人，超过 1.86 亿。在他之前，赛琳娜·戈麦斯已经保持这项纪录多年。
苏格兰新规人行道禁止停车
One would think this would be obvious, that sidewalks are for people, not cars.
6
你可能会觉得人行道上不准停车是理所当然的，人行道是给行人走的，而不是停车用的。
In Japan, you are not allowed to buy a car unless you can prove that you have a place to park itoff-street. In New York City, 140,000 cars have placards and park wherever they want. When Iwas in Scotland last year, I took particular note of how many people parked their cars onsidewalks, or this even more egregious half-in-sidewalk, half-in-bike lane. It was everywhere. As Living Streets Scotland notes, this is a serious problem: "Pavement parking is a pain foreveryone, but it's particularly an issue for those with mobility problems, parents withpushchairs and older people, who may fear leaving their homes as they feel unsafe."
在日本，除非你能证明自己在街道以外有停车的地方，否则不许你买车。在纽约市，14 万辆有牌照的汽车随地停车。去年在苏格兰时，我特别注意了有多少人把汽车停在人行道上， 或者更可恶的是，一半在人行道上，一半在自行车道上。这种情况到处都是。苏格兰生活街 道组织指出，这是一个严重的问题:“把车停在人行道上给大家都造成了困扰，尤其是那些 行动不便者、推婴儿车的父母和老年人，这些人可能会因为担心不安全而不敢出门。”
But at least they are trying to do something about it. The Scottish Parliament just passed a billbanning parking on the sidewalk, or as they call it, the footway.
但是至少苏格兰试图采取行动来改变这一现状。苏格兰议会刚刚通过了一项法案，禁止 在人行道上停车(苏格兰人把人行道称为 footway)。
7
Stuart Hay, director of Living Streets Scotland, is happy: "People in wheelchairs, parents withpushchairs and older adults who are currently forced into oncoming traffic when faced withvehicles blocking their path will now be able to enjoy a new freedom. It also stands to offerhuge savings to cash-strapped councils currently charged with fixing footways damaged byvehicles parking on them."
苏格兰生活街道组织的负责人斯图亚特·海伊对此感到高兴:“被人行道上停的车堵住 路而不得不走到拥挤马路上的坐轮椅的人、推婴儿车的父母和老年人现在可以享受到一种新 的自由了。这也可以为资金紧缺的地方议会省下一大笔钱，此前由于停车对人行道造成了损 害，他们必须承担修理费。”
There is an exemption that will be a problem; delivery vehicles are allowed to stop for up to 20 minutes, which is a very long time.
不过这项禁令有一个例外:允许送货车在人行道上停留 20 分钟，这是相当长的一段时 间，而这也会成为一个问题。
Hay complains: "Our concern around the blanket 20-minute exemption for delivery vehiclesremains. This clause undermines the goals of preventing obstruction and pavement damage, whilst the enforcement of a waiting time is incredibly impractical."
8
海伊抱怨说:“送货车获准在人行道上停留 20 分钟，这仍然让我们感到担忧。这一条 款破坏了预防人行道堵塞和受损的目标，规定的等待时间也非常不切实际。”
He's right; trucks and delivery vehicles are often the worst sidewalk and bike lane blockers. The police aren't going to stand around with a stopwatch for 20 minutes. Besides, the driversall say, "I'll just be a minute," and meanwhile, cyclists and parents with strollers are forced outinto traffic. There shouldn't be any exceptions.
他说的没错;卡车和送货车通常是堵住人行道和自行车道的“重犯”。警察不会拿着计时 器等上 20 分钟。此外，所有的司机都会说:“我一会儿就走。”与此同时，骑车的人、推 婴儿车的父母被迫走到车来车往的马路上。这一禁令就不该有任何例外。
很危险的生物制剂进入日本
A massive influx of international tourists will arrive in Japan next July for the Tokyo Olympics. Most will be unaware another foreign visitor was specifically imported in preparation for theirarrival: Ebola.
明年 7 月大批国际游客将因东京奥运会而涌入日本。大多数人都不知道，为了迎接他 们的到来，另一名外国游客被专门引入日本，它就是埃博拉病毒。
Strains of the infectious virus along with four other dangerous pathogens were brought into thecountry last month by the Japanese government, so that
9
scientists can study them andresearch possible countermeasures in the event of an outbreak sparked by the Tokyo 2020 tourist influx.
上个月日本政府将这种传染性病毒以及其他四种危险的病原体带到了日本，以便于科学 家研究它们，并探讨因 2020 年游客涌入东京而引发疫情时可以采取的应对措施。
In addition to Ebola, the Japanese health ministry's National Institute of Infectious Diseases(NIID) has imported the pathogens responsible for four other kinds of viral haemorrhagicfever, including Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, South American haemorrhagic fever, Marburg disease, and Lassa fever.
除了埃博拉病毒，日本卫生部国家传染病研究所还引入了导致其他四种病毒性出血热的 病原体，包括克里米亚-刚果出血热、南美出血热、马尔堡病和拉沙热。
All of these are highly dangerous viral agents that have not been introduced into Japan before, and represent the first time that pathogens belonging to the most dangerous class of biologicalagent (biosafety level 4) have been admitted into NIID facilities.
所有这些都是以前从未被引入日本的高危病毒制剂，这是最危险的生物制剂(生物安全 等级 4)病原体首次被允许引入日本国家传染病研究所。
10
For the researchers who will study the viruses, it's an unprecedented chance to investigatepathogens that are necessarily very difficult to come by, and to demonstrate the capabilitiesof Japanese scientists.
对于那些将要研究这些病毒的研究人员来说，这是一个前所未有的机会，使他们可以调 查那些必定难以获得的病原体，并证明日本科学家的能力。
"This is a landmark time, a landmark event" NIID departmental director Masayuki Saijo toldNature.
“这是一个具有里程碑意义的时刻，也是一个划时代的事件，”日本国家传染病研究所 部门主任 Masayuki Saijo 告诉《自然》杂志。
The pathogens were transported to an NIID facility in the district of Musashimurayama on thewestern side of Tokyo, but local views on the new arrivals are understandably mixed.
这些病原体被送往东京西部武藏村山地区的国家传染病研究所，而当地人对这些新来者 的看法不一也是可以理解的。
In July, when the virus importation became official, Japanese health minister Takumi Nemotoannounced he had the approval of local Musashimurayama authorities.
当病毒于七月被正式引入日本时，日本卫生部长 Takumi Nemoto 宣布，他已经获得 了当地武藏村山当局的批准。
11
"We have come to a good level of understanding on the matter," Nemoto said. "It is a majorstride toward protection."
Nemoto 表示:“我们很理解这个问题，但这是迈向保护的一大步。”
But while Musashimurayama's mayor, Masaru Fujino, may have approved the NIID's new viralresearch program, not all residents are happy about having Ebola on their doorstep, fearing apotential outbreak if containment protocols somehow fail.
虽然武藏村山市市长 Masaru Fujino 可能已经批准了国家传染病研究所的新病毒研究 项目，但并不是所有的居民都乐于见到家门口就有埃博拉病毒，他们担心如果控制措施由于 未知的原因而失效，可能会爆发疫情。
"It is nonsense for the government to tell us to accept the plan because of the Olympics," aresidents' representative explained to The Asahi Shimbun last November while the plan wasstill under discussion.
去年 11 月一位居民代表向《朝日新闻》解释道:“政府说因为奥运会而让我们接受这 项计划简直荒谬”，然而这个计划却仍在讨论之中。
"We are worried and cannot accept it." “我们很担心，接受不了这项计划。”
12
垃圾银行?
How many aluminium cans can get you 1g of gold?
你拿多少铝罐能换 1g 黄金?
In North Jakarta, the trade-in value of 70kg of aluminium cans – around 4,500 empty cans – isequivalent to 1g of gold at the Wijaya Kusuma Waste Bank.
在雅加达北部，70kg 铝罐(约 4,500 个空罐)就能在 Wijaya Kusuma 垃圾银行兑换 1g 黄金。
Other recyclables such as cardboard and plastic bottles are also accepted by the programmeinitiated by the Bermis Gading neighbourhood in January last year.
Bermis Gading 街区去年 1 月份发起的这个项目也接受纸板和塑料瓶等其他回收物。
The waste bank was set up with a simple mission – to encourage the locals to recycle andreduce waste. After residents deposit recyclables here, the waste bank would clean and sellthem to the North Jakarta government.
成立这家垃圾银行的目的很简单，就是要鼓励当地人回收并减少垃圾。居民将回收物送 到这里以后，垃圾银行会将其清洗并出售给雅加达北部政府。
13
In April this year, pawnshop PT Pegadaian offered to collaborate with this waste bank – and fourother waste banks in Jakarta – by rewarding the residents with gold.
今年 4 月份国有当铺公司要和这家垃圾银行以及雅加达另外 4 家垃圾银行合作，用黄 金奖励居民。
Mdm Roswanthy Suweden, 67, is one of the serious participants of the programme. She hascollected enough recyclables to receive more than 10g of gold.
67 岁的 Mdm Roswanthy Suweden 很认真地参与这个项目，她攒的回收物已经可 以兑换超过 10g 黄金。
"I'm happy. I save little by little, and over time I have a lot. The gold is for my children andgrandchildren," she told CNA at the waste bank.
她在垃圾银行对 CNA 说:“我很高兴，我一点一点攒，时间长了就攒了很多。我要把 金子给我的孩子们和孙子孙女。”
Head of North Jakarta environment agency Mr Slamet Riyadi applauded the idea of offeringgold as an incentive to recycle.
雅加达北部环境机构的领导 Slamet Riyadi 对用黄金激励循环利用的想法表示赞许。
Women, who usually manage the households, will find the scheme attractive, he said.
14
他说女性通常管家，她们会觉得这个计划很有吸引力。
"Before it worked together with the pawnshop, it had around 34 or 36 customers (residentswho took part in the programme). But since the partnership, the number increased to 105," MrRiyadi said.
Riyadi 先生说:“在和国有当铺公司合作之前，有 34 位或 36 位顾客(都是参与该项 目的居民)。但合作之后人数上升到了 105 人。”
Besides Jakarta, similar "trash for gold" schemes are also found in other Indonesian cities likePalembang, Bandar Lampung and Makassar.
除了雅加达，其他印尼城市也有类似的“垃圾换黄金”的项目，如巨港、班达楠榜和望 加锡。
红茶和绿茶的区别 Tea is beloved by people all over the world.
茶受到了全世界人民的喜爱。
Both green and black tea are made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant.
绿茶和红茶都是用茶树的叶子制成的。
15
The key difference between the two is that black tea is fermented and green tea is not.
两者的关键区别在于红茶是发酵而成的，而绿茶不是。
To make black tea, the leaves are first rolled and then exposed to air to trigger thefermentation process. This reaction causes the leaves to turn dark brown and allows theflavors to heighten and intensify.
制作红茶时，首先将茶叶揉捻一下，然后将其暴露于空气中促使其发酵。该反应会使茶 叶变成深褐色，并使茶的味道变得更浓。
On the other hand, green tea is pan-fried to prevent fermentation and thus is much lighter incolor than black tea.
另一方面，用平底锅煎一下绿茶可以防止其发酵，因此绿茶的颜色比红茶淡得多。
While green and black tea differ, they may provide some of the same health benefits.
虽然绿茶与红茶不同，但它们也许能提供一些相同的健康效益。
Both green and black tea are rich in a group of protective antioxidants called polyphenols. Evenmore specifically, they both contain flavonoids, a subgroup of polyphenols. The flavonoids inboth green and black tea are thought to protect your heart.
16
绿茶和红茶都富含一种多酚类保护性抗氧化剂。更具体地说，它们都含有一种多酚—— 类黄酮。人们认为绿茶和红茶中的类黄酮可以保护心脏。
And green and black tea both contain caffeine, a known stimulant.
绿茶和红茶都含有一种已知的兴奋剂——咖啡因。
Green tea contains less caffeine than black tea — about 35 mg of caffeine per 8-oz (230-ml) cup for green tea, compared to 39–109 mg for the same serving of black tea.
绿茶中的咖啡因含量比红茶要少，一杯 8 盎司(230 毫升)的绿茶大约含有 35 毫克咖啡 因，而同样的一杯红茶则含有 39-109 毫克咖啡因。
Caffeine stimulates your nervous system by blocking the inhibitory neurotransmitter adenosine. It also aids the release of mood-enhancing neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin.
咖啡因通过阻断抑制性神经递质腺苷来刺激神经系统。它还有助于释放提升情绪的神经 递质，如多巴胺和血清素。
Now the difference. 接下来说一下它们的区别。
17
Green tea contains EGCG, an antioxidant which in test-tube and animal studies has been shownto fight cancer and bacterial cells and protect both your brain and liver.
绿茶中含有 EGCG(一种绿茶提取物)，这是一种抗氧化剂，在试管和动物实验中被证 明可以抵抗癌症和细菌细胞，保护大脑和肝脏。
But black tea contains beneficial theaflavins. Theaflavins are a group of polyphenols that areunique to black tea. Theaflavins are unique to black tea. Through their antioxidant effects, they may improve blood vessel function and support fat loss.
而红茶则含有有益的茶黄素。茶黄素是一种多酚类物质，是红茶所特有的。通过抗氧化 作用，它们可以改善血管功能，并促进减脂。
So green and black tea have similar health benefits, including for your heart and brain. Theirantioxidant profiles differ, but while green tea may have more powerful antioxidants, scientificevidence does not strongly favor one tea over the other.
所以绿茶和红茶对心脏和大脑有相似的健康效益。它们的抗氧化特性不同，尽管绿茶可 能含有更强的抗氧化剂，但并没有科学证据表明某种茶远胜于另一种茶。
自动酿酒综合
18
It began as a simple thumb injury. Then, it spiralled into a dangerous syndrome where aman's gut essentially became a brewery fermenting its own endless alcohol supply - which isnot as fun as it sounds.
一开始只是拇指受伤，后来迅速演变成一种危险的综合征，一个男人的肠道基本变成了 啤酒厂，源源不断地自己酿酒，但其实没有听起来这么有趣。
In a recent case study, doctors recount the strange symptoms of auto-brewery syndrome(ABS): a rarely diagnosed medical condition where simply ingesting carbohydrates can beenough to make you wildly inebriated. Even worse, nobody believes you when you say youhaven't been drinking.
在最近的一个案例研究中医生讲述了自动酿酒综合征(ABS)的奇怪症状，这是一例罕见 的疾病，仅仅摄入碳水化合物就足以让你酩酊大醉。更糟糕的是，你说自己没喝酒还没人信。
At least, that was the case for the unfortunate 46-year-old patient in question, an otherwisehealthy man who'd only ever been a light social drinker.
至少医生讨论的这个 46 岁的病人就不幸地遇到了这种情况。之前他很健康，只在社交 场合少量饮酒。
His troubles began in 2011, after he completed a course of antibiotics for a thumb injury. Within one week of finishing the meds, he reported experiencing uncharacteristic personalitychanges, including depression, 'brain fog', aggressive behaviour, and memory loss.
19
他的问题开始于 2011 年，他因拇指受伤而服用了一个疗程的抗生素。停药后的一周内， 他说自己性格变得异常，出现了抑郁、“脑雾”、攻击性行为和记忆减退。
He was eventually referred to a psychiatrist and given antidepressants, but it was only whenthe man was pulled over by police one morning in an apparent case of drunk driving that thetrue nature of his illness started to reveal itself.
最后他去看了精神科医生，开了抗抑郁药。但直到一天早上他被警察拦下查酒驾，他的 真实病情才被发现。
When pulled over, he refused to take a breathalyser test and was hospitalised, with testsshowing he had a blood alcohol level of 200 mg/dL, equivalent to having drunkapproximately 10 alcoholic drinks, and sufficient to induce confusion, disorientation, impaired balance, and slurred speech.
他被拦下时拒绝进行酒精测试，被送入院治疗，检查结果显示他血液中酒精含量为 200 mg/dL，相当于喝了大约 10 杯酒，足以引起混乱、定向障碍、平衡障碍和言语混乱。
"The hospital personnel and police refused to believe him when he repeatedly denied alcoholingestion," researchers from Richmond University Medical Centre note in their case report.
里士满大学医学中心的研究人员在病例报告中写道:“他一再否认喝过酒，但医院的人 和警察都不相信他”。
20
After being discharged from hospital, he sought treatment at a clinic in Ohio. In medical tests, most of his readings looked normal, but his stool sample showed the presence ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (also known as brewer's yeast) and a related fungus.
出院以后他在俄亥俄州的一家诊所进行治疗。在医学测试中，他的大部分读数看起来正 常，但他的粪便样本显示有酿酒酵母(也称为啤酒酵母)和一种相关的真菌。
S. cerevisiae has a long history in beer brewing and winemaking (in addition to baking), as ithelps ferment carbohydrates and produces alcohol.
酿酒酵母一直用于酿造啤酒和葡萄酒(除了烘烤之外)，它有助于发酵碳水化合物并产生 酒精。
While the patient was successfully treated at the clinic, his ABS diagnosis revealed itself insubsequent flare-ups, with the most serious incident involving a fall while inebriated thatresulted in intracranial bleeding.
虽然该病人在诊所治疗地很好，但后来复发时才被诊断出自动酿酒综合征，最严重的一 次是因醉酒摔倒导致颅内出血。
新祥旭考研高分咨询：胡老师xxx121_wzm 电话 13051415902
