浙江工商大学2018考研真题之615综合英语

罗老师 / 2019-03-20

浙江工商大学2018考研真题之615综合英语浙江工商大学 2018 年研究生入学考试试卷（A ）卷

考试科目：615 综合英语总分：150 分考试时间：3 小时

I. Vocabulary & Structure (30 分）

Directions: There are 30 sentences 的 this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one that best completes the sentence. Write your answ_ers on the ANSWER SHEET.

1. We will encourage every school to 一一一一 its character, ethos and areas of special interest

within a more flexible National Curriculum framework.

A. facilitate B. enhance C. acquaint D. install

2. Those superior states of mind do not come from一一…an alien culture.

A. imitating B. mimicking C. aping D. parodying

3. To 一一一＿is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.

A. conserve B. conceive C. convert D. contrive

4. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from 一一＿or

incompetent public officers.

A. high-handed B. handy C. hapless D. uncanny

5. She answered with an 一一一 ”No” to the request that she attend the public hearing.

A. eloquent B. expedient C. emotional 。.emphatic

6. The sleepy truck driver 一一＿and narrowly missed crashing into the tree.

A. switched B. swung C. fluctuated D. swerved

7. As my exams are coming next week, I’II take advantage of the weekend t。一一＿on some

reading.

A. catch up B. clear up C. make up D. pick up

8. Once the animal’5 usual sources of nourishment have been exhausted, acorns are its only means of

A. resuscitation B. distraction C. subsistence D. camouflage

9. The new composite material exhibits an extraordinary degiee of 一一一’ which er.ables it to be molded into almost any shape.

A. resonance B. plasticity C. inert『1ess D. buoyancy

10. Which of these warring一一一一＿develops as we mature and which ones are transcended, has everything to do with the adults and teachers in our lives.

A. instants B. instances C. instincts D. intelligences

11. The forest ranger cautioned the hikers that their proposed route might prove dangerous, but they ignored her 一一一－

A. vacillation B. indiscretion C. admonition D. prohibition

12. When invited to talk about his achievements, he refused to blow his own and declined to speak at the meeting.

A. trumpet B. flute C. whistle 。.bugle

13. As a一一一＿acto几 he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.

A. flexible B. versatile C.sophisticated D. productive

14. Some analysts remain skeptical and predict the market will only cover 一一一一 by the middle of next year.

A. marginally B. martially C. markedly D. marvelously

15. We are on the of one degree warmer, hotter than it’s been in thousands of years.

A. vicinity B. siege C. margin D. brink

16. He foresees a growing 一＿against voice mail.

A. embrace B. disoaritv C. backlash D. αuirk

17. An automated phone system aimed at saving companies money may be turning 一一－

their customers.

A. o仔 B. out C. in D. f「om

18. Pre-hospital s仔through a sophisticated communication system know where and when the accident happened, and they are_ immediately to provide the initial, quick, life-saving care.

A. converged B. summoned C. corroborated D. dismissed

19. The publishing industry has gone digital in a big W吼一一一 a market comprising 300 million users of mobile devices who read electronic books in China.

A. baffling B. slumping C. battering D. spawning

20. An English farm is of a more or less一一一一＿homestead in a valley, sheltered by ample trees, with broad fields like open hands stretched out to receive the sun, and a river flowing not far

away.

A. chic B. commodious C. conjuring D. coordinated

21. 一一一一＿for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.

A. Had it not been B. Has『1’t it been C. Was it not 。.Were it not

22. He slowly began to pick himself up, and it was only then that it dawned on him that his ordeal over.

A. were B. be C. was D. had been 23. 一一一in his research work, he had no time left for recreational activities.

A. Having absorbed B. Absorbed C. Absorbing D. Be absorbing

24. The fire that broke out in the department store during the night was still seen 一一一一 a lot of smoke the next morning.

A. to give o仔 B. to be giving off C. give off

25. My American friend says there is 一一一一一一＿monster in this lake.

A. no such thing as B. no such thing as a

C. no such a thing as D. no such a thing as a

26. who shows no hesitation to sacrifice his life for his motherland.

A. There is no greater love than that of a man

B. There is no greater love than a man

C. There is no as great love as a man

D. There is no greater love than that of a man’s

D. giving o仔

27. Everyone asked me where he was, but it was 一一一＿a mystery to me as to them.

A. as much of B. as such C. much of D. as of

28. As he defeated the forces of injustice, the position in art that had been kept from him during his life.

A. so did he gain B. so he gained C. and he gained 。.and gained

29. 一一一 our most recent trauma indicates is一一一＿we have n。t yet protected ourselves against the dangers of a market 一一＿instability derives from its activities as a casino.

A. What, that, where B. What, that, whose

C. That, what, whose 。.That, what, where

30. the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

A. While B. If only C. When 。.Even if

II.

Reading Comprehension (50 分｝

Directi ns: Read the following 5 passages carefull y, and choose the best answer 归 each question from thefour choices given. Write your answers on the ANSW ER SH EET.

Passage A

When leaves turn red, witches, ghosts, monsters and other scary creatures make an appearance on the spookiest time of the year -- Halloween. Celebrated on October 31 every year, a day before All Saint’s Day, this 11haunted” holiday gets millions of people around the world to

wear their scariest costume while partying or trick or treating.

The festival, also called All Hallows’ Eve or All Hallows’ Evening, which means to remember the dead, has gradually developed into an entertaining celebration, and has become one of the most popular festivals among children and adults with its traditions for fooling around in costu门1es.

This spooky festival has long been associated to many English-speaking countries. But

apparently, dressing up in scary costumes and "trick-or『treating” to delicious food and fancy parties are now practiced worldwide.

There are surely more ways to celebrate it. So how do people around the globe celebrate it? Halloween in many Spanish countries is known as ”El Dia de los Muertos”，the Day of the Dead, which is a three-day event that takes place every year from October 31to November 2. For Mexicans, it’s the time of the year where they put offerings such as flowers and food next to pictures of family members who passed away. Families in Chile, meanwhile, visit the cemetery

and place flowers and other stuff to decorate the tombs of their loved ones.

Although Halloween is not a major holiday in Brazil, there are still local celebrations that include colorful caipirinhas (made with cachaa, brown sugar and lime), batucadas (a Brazilian rhythm technique made by percussion instruments) and colorful parades with drum music. German people are not so fond of Halloween but they do have some specials to celebrate it,

which includes watching horror movies and taking walks at night in spooky places like graveyards and the woods. In Greece, they do 11The Apokrias” or the carnival, which takes place in February

when friends get together and knock on other friends' doors to make them guess who is hiding behind the dress-up and the rnask.

On the other side of the world, Chinese people also have their own celebration. Near the end of the summer - on July 15th in the Chinese lunar calendar, Chinese people celebrate the Hungry Ghost Festival - a time many believe the gates to the spirit world open and ghosts come out to visit the living. Families place a sumptuous meal on the altar and create paper offerings that look like money or personal items. These will then be burned to be sent back into the spirit world

Instead of "trick-or-treating” or holding pc1rties, young Japanese invented "costume play飞 The annual "Hello Halloween Pumpkin Parade" in Tokyo Disney Resort draws thousands of dressed-up children and crowds.

31. What does 气pooky” （ para.3) most probably mean?

A. secret

C. creepy

B strange

D. sneaky

32. Which of the following statements is INCOORECT?

A. All Hallows’ Eve is celebrated before All Saint’s Day.

B. Halloween is only celebrated among children on 31st October.

C. Halloween is to remember the dead.

D. People often wear scary costumes to celebrate Holloween.

33. In the7th paragraph，飞 sumptuous meal" is a(n）一一＿meal.

A. very expensive and looking very impressive

B. very delicious

C. imagined and supernatural

D. supe斤luous

34. Western countries have their local celebrations EXCEPT A. Watching horror movies

B. Placing flowers to decorate the tombs

C. Offering flowers next to pictures of family members who we「e dead

D. Making paper offerings

35. The best title of this passage is 一一一一－

A. Spooky Halloween: East Meets West

B. How to Celebrate Halloween

C. Halloween-A Special Festival

D. Customs of Halloween

Passage B

Weight gain from early adulthood to age 55 may increase the risk of chronic diseases, premature death, and decreased the likelihood of achieving healthy aging, according to a study published Tuesday by the US journal JAMA.

”Our study is the first of its kind to systematically examine the association of weight gain

from early to middle adulthood with major health risks later in life," said senior author Frank Hu, professor of nutrition and epidemiology and chair of the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard University.叮he findings indicate that even a modest amount (2.5 to 10 kg) of weight gain may

have important health consequences.”

Obesity !s a major global health challenge. The worldwide prevalence of obesity was 11 percent for men and 15 percent for women in 2014 compared with five percent for men and eight percent for women in 1980.

Among US adults, the average weight gain is 0.5 to 1.0 kg per year from early to middle adulthood and this modest yearly accumulation of weight eventually leads to obesity over time.

However, it is unclear how weight gain during the transition from earlγ to middle adulthood, when most weight gain occurs, relates to subsequent health consequences, such as type 2

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diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Hu and colleagues analyzed health data from nearly 120,000 study participants, including women in the Nurses' Health Study between 1976 and 2012, and men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study between 1986 and 2012.

Participants were asked to recall their weight from early adulthood, age 18 for women and 21 for men, and to report their weight at age 55. Women gained an average of 12.6 kg over early to middle adulthood, and men about 9.7 kg.

Compared to those who kept their weight stab!e, those who gained a moderate amount of

weight had an increased risk of major chronic diseases and premature death, and were less likely to score well on a "healthy aging” assessment of physical and cognitive health.

In a meta-analysis of study participants from the two cohorts, each five-kg weight gain was associated with a 30 percent increased risk of type 2 diabetes, 14 percent increased risk of hyperte『1sion, eight percent increased risk of cardiovascular disease, six percent increased risk of

obesity-related cancer, five percent increased risk of dying premature以 and 17 percent

decreased odds of achieving healthy aging.

”These findings may help counsel patients regarding the risks of weight gain," the researchers wrote.

36. Which of the following statements is INCOORECT?

A. It is found that a small amount of weight gain will damage health.

B. Obesity from early adulthood will increase the health risk.

C. Men are more likely to suffer from obesity than women around the world.

D. Obesity may increase the risk of heart diseases.

37. What does "prevalence of obesity" (para.3) most probably mean?

A. Obesity is very serious.

B. Obesity is widespread.

C. Obesity is difficult to control.

D. Obesity is uncommon.

38. The synonym of “counsel” in the last paragraph is _.

A. advice

C. teach

39. Weight gain is most closely linked to 一·

A. type 2 diabetes

C. heart disease

40. What is the best title of the passage?

人 On Diet and 飞Neight Gain

B. Weight and Health

B. cure

D. help

B. hypertension

D. cancer

C. Weight Gain from Early to Middle Adulthood May Increase Chronic Disease Risk

D. The Worldwide Prevalence of Obesity

Passage c

The first 飞neakers” （though they weren’t named that yet) debuted in the 1860s. Made of leather and spikes, they were introduced as the first specialised running shoes by British company Thomas Dutton and Thorowgood. In 1892, the US Rubber Company introduced a pair of rubber shoes with canvas tops called Keds. The company mass-produced them in 1916 and an

advertising agent nicknamed them 飞neakers” to suggest how quiet they were due to their rubber soles.

In 1917, the Converse Rubber Shoe Company introduced the prototype of the All Star; the famous name wasn’t adopted until basketball player Chuck Taylor became aligned with the brand.

He joined the Converse sales force in 1921, then became a player and coach for the company’s basketball team, the Converse All Stars. Taylor saw his name added to the ankle patch, which he had helped develop for better support, and the shoe ultimately named for him as a token of appreciation, !n the 1960s, some 90% of university and professional basketball players in the US

wore the Converse Chuck Taylor All Stars. Confused about the big difference between sneakers and trainers? Many use the terms interchangeably, but there actually is a difference; the former are athletic-based shoes and are usually worn more for fashion, while the latter are named as a short form for 气raining shoes" and are aimed at improving performance in a specific athletic activity, such as running or weightlifting.

Aside from Kanye West, top fashion designers have also collaborated with sports brands to present collections as sneakers move into the world of high fashion. As an examp怡，for autumn 2016, Raf Simons released his reinterpretation of Adidas' iconic Stan Smith sneakers; the classic

气hree stripes” on the side were replaced with the designer ’s perforated 唱” logo and a more

luxurious, minimalist approach. Also with Adidas, Stella McCartney has been designing sneakers, trainers and other gym wear for women since 2005.

Founded in Shanghai in the 1920s, the nostalgic martial arts-suitable shoe brand Feiyue flew across Chinese borders in 2006 (its name, indeed, means ’＇flying forward”） and landed in France. Whether it was or wasn’t officially licenced, its unique retro style, coupled with a fresh French

redesign, caught the eyes of Europe and launched a new obsession that was unprecedented in China.

The present-day sneaker culture has evolved to combine not only athletics and fashion, but also the omnipresent marketing and business angles. For most sneakerheads, it’s about the hardest乓 ”find pairs. Since the 1980s, they’ve come to Mong Kok from all over the world to

source sought-after shoes at low-tax prices. Fanatics camp out for rare new releases, while others buy through resellers, sometimes paying 10 times or more compared to the retail price.

Globally, limited”edition sneakers are a definite status symbol for those who are willing to pay. One high-end sneaker reseller in Los Angeles shared his recent deals, which included the sale of a pair of Nike Air Jordan 4 Retro ”Eminem Encore" for $30,000 - only 50 pairs were made at an

original retail price of $180.

41. The history of sneakers can date back to 一一一－

A. about 150 years ago

C. 300 years ago

B.100 years ago

D. 50-100 years ago

42. The word "prototype” （ para.2} most probably means_.

A. the best design

B. the first design

43. What does the prefix omni- in 、mnipresent” （para.5) mean?

C. the smallest design

D. the modernist design

A. all B. some

C. any D. no

44. Which of the statements can be inferred from the passage?

A. Sneakers aimed to improve performance in running.

8. Some top sports brands have designed sneakers for men about ten years ago.

C. Some limited-edition sneakers may be very expensive.

D. It is difficult for sneakers to combine the athletic pe斤 rmance and fashion.

45. The title of the passage most probably is一一一·

A. Sneakers Home and Abroad

8. Rise of Sneaker Culture

C. History of Sneakers

。.Sneakers and Trainers

Passage D

The Book of Songs, also known as Shi Jing in pinyin, is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, comprising 305 works dating back from the Western Zhou Dynasty (c.llth century-771 BC) to the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). It is one of the five canonical classics compiled by Confucius which have been studied by literati in China and neighboring countries for over 2,000 years. Confucius said the Book of Songs in the An αlects was a realization of genuine feelings . And much like most of Chinese poetry, it conveys these authentic emotions through imagery, most frequently via animals and plants.

This June, the Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, an agencγ known for its quality publications on traditional Chinese culture, released a two-volume book called lflustrations of Wildlife in the Book of Songs, providing a new way to appreciate the literary classics.

Texts and illustrations are placed side-by-side, enabling readers to imagine the poetic scenarios and comprehend the cultural meaning of many everyday subjects. To create a friendlier reading experience, the book combines original poems with modern translations by Cheng Junying, a renowned expert on the Book of Songs and a first generation female professor in China.

The 213 watercolor illustrations within the book are recovered from manuscripts in the National Diet Library of Japan. Jun Hosoi, a physician who practiced Confucianism in Japan during the Edo period, was the creator of these exquisite paintings. He worked with artisans to produce this first illustrated book of the Book of Songs. The official announcement from the Shanghai Ancient Books caused quite a stir among culture lovers.

”Seeing the illustrations while reading the poems makes the whole experience like time

traveling," Lishang Tumi, a Weibo user, said. 气 can feel myself walking through the scenes written thousands of years ago." The book will hit the shelves in mid-August, before which readers can place orders on Yitiao, a new media lifestyle company.

46. According to the passage, the following statements are correct EXCEPT_. A, Shi Jing has aroused research interest in China and other countries.

B. Illustrations of Wildlife in the Book of Songs include texts, illustrations and Chinese -English translations.

C. Book of Songs consists of more than 300 works.

D. Readers can have a new and happy experience while reading Shi Jing.

47. The word "renowned” （ para.3) probably means 一一一··

A. famous B. noticed

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C. remote D. 「emarkable

48. The word “stir” （ para.4) can be replaced by 一一－

A. commotion B. fight

C. reunion

49. Readers can buy the book一一－

A. next year

C. from Yitiao

50. The most probable title of the passage is一一一·

D. happiness

B. from the bookstore

D. both B and C

A. Rediscover "Book of Songs" with Watercolor Illustrations

B. Illustrations of Wildlife in the Book of Songs

C. Appreciate the Literary Classics Again

D. Shi Jing and Confucius

Passage E

Whereas a literacy event is defined as any interaction between readers and written texts within a social context, a genre is a socially sanctioned type of communicative event, either spoken- like a sermon, a joke, a lecture-or printed, like a press report, a novel, or a political manifesto. Although sometimes viewed as a universal type, fixed by literary and other conventions, a genre in a socio-cultural perspective is always dependent on being perceived as such within a specific context of situation or culture.

The concept of genre is related to text type and language choice: it is as measured against a prototypical sermon in their culture, for example, that members of a group can assess to what extent the register chosen by a certain preacher conforms to or deviates from the genre

’sermon',even if it is not delivered in a church.

What turns a collection of communicative events into a genre is some conventionalized set of communicative purposes. For example, one convention of scientific research papers is that they inform researchers of scientists' findings as clearly, convincingly as possible, and in a manner that furthers future research. However, not every scientific community shares the same views as to how these goals should be achieved. There are striking differences, for example, between the

French and the Anglo-Saxon genre ’research paper’. Anglo-Saxon scientists have to legitimize

their research by displaying in the first paragraph all extant research on the same topic and showing how their own fills a neglected gap. By contrast, French scientific articles draw their legitimation from the status and affiliation of the researcher, and his/her own work in the field; French scientists find the initial review of the literature rather futile. Unlike their French counterparts, Anglo-Saxon scientists have to make explicit their adherence to a recognizable school,disciplinary tradition, or theoretical orientation; French scientists prefer their research to stand on its own merits. Whereas American research articles end with the obligatory discussion of 飞he iimitations of the study", French articies do no such thing; instead, they are obiigated to raise larger questions, and point to directions for further areas of study. These two different styles within two scientific communities that otherwise share the same purpose may create difficulties for some French scientists, who may be willing to publish in English but wish to retain their own cultural scientific style.

It is easy to see why genre plays such a central role in the definition of culture. One can learn a lot about a discourse community’s culture by looking at the names it gives to genres, for

genre is society’s way of defining and controlling meaning. In fact, the very definition of a text type as a separate genre, or a stylistic variation of the same genre, is a matter of passionate disputes, and not only among scholars. For, the concept of text type establishes constraints on what one is expected to write about, in what form, for what audience.

51. Which of the following has NOT been mentioned in the passage? A. The definition of genre

B. Different genre types

C. The importance of genre

D. The difficulty of distinguishing genre types

52. Which of the following words can best replace ”assess” （ para.2)?

A. estimate

C. asset

B. access

D. assist

53. The word "extant” （ para.3) most probably means 一－

人 (of something) very precious

B. (of something very old) still in existence

C. (of something) very difficult

D.(of something) very modern

54. Which of the following statements about the Anglo-Saxon or French genre ’research paper’ is CORRECT?

A. French scientists display very detailed literature review.

B.Anglo-Saxon scientists introduce their relationships with some certain theoret ical orientations.

C. American research articles do not include "the limitations of the study”．

D. When French research articles are published in English, their scientific styles are changed. SS. According to the passage, genre is very important because 一·

A. One can publish good academic papers.

B. One can find their own research status.

C. One can know something about a discourse community’s culture.

D. One can study different text types.

Ill. Rhetorical Knowledge (30 分｝

Directions: There are 15 seritences, each of which has a figure of speech, and there are four kinds of figure marked A, 8, C and D. Choose the best one and write your answers on the ANSW ER SH EET.

56. She was to be sure a girl, who excited the emotions, but I was not the one to let my heart rule my head.

A. metaphor B. simile C. metonymy D. allusion

57. The gentleman in me made me stand up to go away, but the journal ist in me made me stand still.

A. understatement B. innuendo ·C. synecdoche D. paradox

58. The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth.

A. parody B. paradox C. allusion D. irony

59. Why are lawyers all uneasy sleepers? Because they lie first on one side, and then on the other,

and remain wide awake all the time.

A. metonymy B. pun C. euphemism

60. He said he had had no connection with any other woman.

A. understatement B. euphemism C. metaphor

D. synecdoche

D. irony

61. Where there is marriage without love there will be love without marriage.

A. synecdoche B. oxymoron C. antithesis D. zeugma

62. Breakfast without orange juice is like a day without sunshine.

A. parody B. pun C. simile

63. Iwill love you till the seas gone dry,the rocks melt with the sun. A. paradox B. metonymy C. alliteration

64. The United States has now set up a loneliness industry.

A. hyperbole B. understatement C. metaphor

65. A university degree is no longer the open sesame to a good job.

A. allusion B. hyperbole C. oxymoron

66. On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.

A. rhyme B. consonance C. metaphor

67. She opened the door and her heart for the homeless boy.

A. pun B. syllepsis C. irony

D. metaphor

68. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother,the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.

A. bathos B. exaggeration C. parallelism D. reference

69. The two friends were faithful through thick and thin.

A. alliteration B. epiphany C. schemata 。.analogy

70. There was a slight disturbance in the Soviet Union last year, which caused the disintegration of the country.

A. understatement

B. anticlimax

C. personification

D. antithesis

IV. Pr freading & Error Correction (20 分）

Directi ，ns: Thefollowing passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE ERROR ONLY. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Copy the relevant pa此（a word, a phrase or a sentence where an error is) on the ANSWER SHEET at first,

and for α 旦旦旦立 word, underline it and write the correct one; for α 旦单豆旦旦 word, mark the position of the missing word with o ’A" sign and write the word you believe to be missing; for an unnecessary word, cross it with a slash γ’.Then, write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

. Austen well connected with the middling-rich landed gentry

that she portrayed in her novels. Austen was focused on middie-class

79. provincial life with humor and understanding. She depicted minor

landed gentry, country clergymen and their families, there marriage

mainly determined women’s social status.

V. Cloze (20 分｝

Directions: In the following passage, there are 20 blanks. Choose one from the four choices A, B, C, and D, and make the meaning complete. Write the answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

The "standard of living” of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country’s standard of living, 一＿81一一＿， depends first and

－一＿82』一一 on its capacity to produce wealth. ”Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not

live on money 一一...：.83 一一on things that money can buy：“goods" such as food and clothing, and "services” such as transport and ”一一84一一”．

A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of 85一一－

have an effect on one another. Wealth depends 一一86一一＿a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a

fertile soil and a_87 一＿climate; other regions possess none of them.

Next to natural resources 一一＿88 一 the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well 一＿89一＿as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and一一＿9 一一＿wars, and 一一＿91一一＿this and other reasons was 一一＿92 一一to develop her

resources. 一＿93一＿and stable political conditions, and 一＿94 一一from fore ign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more

wealth than another country equally well 一＿95一一＿by nature but less well ordered.

A count町’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed 一一＿96一一一it own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. 一一＿97 一一’ Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products

would be much less if she had to depend only on 一一＿98_grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products

that would 一＿99一一一 be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, 一＿100_ that other countries can be found ready to accept its

manufactures.

81. A. however

82. A.primary

8. therefore

8. principle

C. nevertheless

C. foremost

0. furthermore

0. uniquely

83. A. or

B. nor

C. but