浙江工商大学 2018 年全国硕士研究生入学考试试卷 （ B） 卷
考试科曰 ：257 英语 （ 二外） 总分：100 分 考试时间 ：3 小时
Part I Reading Comprehension （每小题 1.5 分，共 45 分）
D飞iY龟ctions: There are 6passages jn tMs sectjon. Each p部sage js followed bysome questjons. For each of them thεre a币four clwkes 副部ked A), BJ, C), ;md D). rou shouM dedde on the besr choke and wdte the correspondjng Jetter on theAnswer Sheet
Passage 1
For anyone who doubts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this: The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month -more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research finn. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says. Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point.
Part of what’s driving the texting surge 创nong adults is the popularity of socia1 media. Sites
like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts.
Economics has much to do with texting’s popu larity. Text messages cost carriers less than
traditional mobile voice transmissions , and so they cost users less. Sprint Nextel has reconceived its Virgin Mobile brand to cater to heavy texters in a difficult economy. For $25 per month, users get unlimited texting, email, social networking and 300 talk minutes; for another $15, they get an additional 900 talk minutes. The name of the brand ’s new wireless plan ：“Beyond Talk.”
Texting’s rise over conversation is changing the way we interact, social scientists and researchers say. We are now inclined to text to relay difficult information. We stare at our phone when we want to avoid eye contact. Rather than make plans in advance, we engage in what
research have named “micro峙coordination 一吁吁i txt u in I Omins when I know wh/ restmt.”
Texting saves us time, but it steals from quiet reflection . “When people have a mobile device and have even a little extra time, they will communicate with someone in their life，” says Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project.
And the phone conversation will never be completely obsolete. Deal makers and other professionals still spend much of the day on the phone. Researchers say people are more likely to use text-based communications at the preliminary stages of projects . The phone comes i nto play when there are multiple options to consider or important decisions to be made.
I . At the begi nning of the passage, the author uses figures for the purpose of 一一一＿.
A. introduction
C. explanation
B. comparison
D. transition
2. According to the context, which of the followi ng is closest in meaning to “beside the point" (L6, para. I )?
A. unimportant B. unacknowledged
C. underestimated D. undeniable
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause for texting’s popularity?
A. Promotion of cheaper wireless packages
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B. saving of money and time
C. Redesign of mobile devices
D. Rise of social media
4. According to the passage, texting can help people to 一一一 .
A. face difficult situations
C. communicate with strangers
5. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Texting’ s populaiity 出d effect
B. Role of texting in business
C. Preference to texting over thinking
D. Innovation of mobile devices
B. make appointments in advance
D. avoid awkward situations
Passage 2
Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers, cost $2,000 and up. No su叩rise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technology-meaning prices should eventually drop and the market does seem to be growing.
Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise tum-by-turn directions spoken by a clear human-sounding voice and written on a screen in front of the driver.
The computer works with an antenna that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. Bv measuring the time reauired for a si区nal to travel between the satellites and the antenna‘ the car’s location can be oinned down within 100 meters.
The satellite signals along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensor and direction from
a meter, determine the car’s position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks and points of interest are included.
Most systems are basically identical. ’The differences come in hardware-the way the computer accepts the driver’s request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step fuither: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.
BMW’s system offers a set of cross hairs·that can be moved across the map (you have several
choices of map scale) to pick a point you 飞i like to get to. Audi’S screen can be switched to TV reception.
Even the voices that recite the d irections can differ, with better systems l ike BMW’ s and
Lext后’s having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French. Geiman, Spanish, Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for detennining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways, for example.
6. We learn from the passage that navigation computers 一一一一一·
A. will greatly promote sales of automobiles
B. may help solve potential traffic problems
C. are likely to be accepted by more drivers
D. will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury
7. With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to his destination 一一一一一·
A. by inputting the exact address
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B. by indicating the location of his car
C. by checking his computer database
D. by giving vocal orders to the computer
8. Despite their varied designs, navigation computers used in cars 一一一一一一－
A. are more or less the same price
B. provide directions in much the s创ne way
C. work on more or less the same principles
D. receive instructions from the s创ne satellites
9. The navigation computer functions一一一一一 －
A. by means of a direction finder and a speed detector
B. basically on satellite signals and a map database
C. mainly through the reception of tum七y-tum directions
D. by using a screen to display satellite signals
10. The navigation systems in cars like Lexus, BMW and Audi are mentioned to show
A. the immaturity of the new technology
B. the superiority of the global positioning system
C. the cause of price fluctuations in car equipment
D. the different ways of providing guidance to the driver
Passage 3
While some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth centurγ，the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and
Sweden developed later. All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth centu可. However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the centu可， especially in the last two or three decades. In view of their later start and their lack of coal-undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrial izers-it is imoortant to understand the sources of their success.
All had small populations. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Denmark and Norway had fewer than 1 million people, while Sweden and the Netherlands had fewer than 2.5 million inhabitants. All exhibited moderate growth rates in the course of the century (Denmark the highest and Sweden the lowest), but all more than doubled in population by 1900. D巳nsity varied greatly. The Netherlands had one of the highest population densities in Europe, whereas Norway and Sweden had the lowest. Denmark was in between but closer to the Netherlands.
Considering human capital as a characteristic of the population, however, all four countries were advantaged by the large percentages of their populations who could read and write. In both i 850 and i 9 i 4, the Scandinavian countries had the highest iiteracy rates i n Europe, or in the world, and the Netherlands w出 well above the European average. This fact was of enormous value in helping the national economies find their niches in the evolving cuηents of the inte口mtional economy.
Location was an important factor for all four countries. All had immediate access to the sea, and this had important impl ications for a significant international resource, fish, as well as for cheap transport～merchant marines, and the shipbuildi ng industry. Each took advantage of these
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opportunities in its own way. The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocola旬，grain, and eventually oil). Denmark also had an admirable commercial history, paiticularly with respect to traffic through the Sound (the strait separating Denmark and Sweden). In 1857, in return for a payment of 63 million kronor from other commercial nations, Denmark abolished the Sound toll fees it had collected since 1497 for the use of the Sound. This, along with other policy shifts toward free trade, resulted in a significant increase in traffic through the Sound and in the port of Copenhagen.
The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth. The nineteenth century passed relatively peacefully for these countries, with
progressive democratization taking place in all of them. They were reasonably well govern时，
without notable co汀uption or grandiose state projects, although in all of them the government gave some aid to railways, and in Sweden the state built the main lines. As small countries dependent on foreign markets, they followed a liberal trade policy in the main, though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of peasant landowners with a definite market orientation.
11. Which of the following is TRUE about England and Germany?
A. They were completely industrialized by the start of the ni neteenth century.
B. They possessed plentiful supplies of coal.
C. They were overtaken economically by the Netherlands and Scandinavia during the early nineteenth century.
D. They succeeded for the same reasons that the Netherlands and Scandinavia did.
12. What role does the population density play in the industrialization of the Netherlands and Scandinavia?
A. It was a more important factor than population size.
B. It was more influential than the rate of population growth.
C. It was more important in the early stages than it was later.
D.
It was not a significant factor.
13. A cording to the passage, which of the following contributed significantly to the successful economic development of the Netherlands and of Scandinavia?
A. The relatively small size of their populations
B. The rapid rate at which their populations were growing
C. The large amount of capital they had available for investment
D. The high proportion of their citizens who were educated
14. According to paragraph 4, because of their location, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries had all of the following advantages when they began to industrialize EXCEPT
A. low-cost transportation of goods
B. access to fish
C. shipbuilding industries
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0. military control of the sea
15. According to the passage，巳ach of the following contributed positively to the industrialization of the Netherlands and Scandinavia EXCEPT
A. generally liberal trade policies
B. huge projects undertaken by the state
C. relatively unco付upt governments
0. relatively little social or political disruption
Passage 4
The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall pa忧ems, and vegetation cover. However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.
Pollen samples from freshwater lakes in Syria and elsewhere tell us forest cover expanded rapidly at the end of the Ice Age, for the southwestern Asian climate was still cooler and considerably wetter than today. Many areas were richer in animal and plant species than they are now, making them highly favorable for human occupation. About 9000 B.C., most human settlements lay in the area along the Mediterranean coast and in the Zagros Mountains of Iran and their foothills. Some local areas, like the Jordan River valley, the middle Euphrates valley, and some Zagros valleys, were more densely populated than elsewhere. Here more sedentary and more complex societies flourished. These people exploited the landscape intensively, foraging on hill slopes for wild cereal gr田ses and nuts, while hunting gazelle and other game on gr出sy lowlands and in river valleys. Their settlements contain exotic objects such as seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian (volcanic glass), all traded from afar. This considerable volume of intercommunity exchange brought a degree of social complexity in its wake.
Thanks to extremely fine-grained excavation and extensive use of flotation methods (through which seeds are recovered from soil samples), we know a great deal about the foraging practices of the inhabitants of Abu Hureyra in Syria’s Euphrates valley. Abu Hureyra was founded about 9500 B.C, a small village settlement of cramped pit dwelli ngs (houses dug pa口ially in the soil) with reed roofs supported by wooden uprights. For the next 1.500 vears. its inhabitants enioved a somewhat warmer and damper climate than todav. livin2: in a well-wooded area where wild cereal grasses were abundant. They subsisted off spring migrations of Persian gβzelles 仕om the south. With such a favorable location, about 300 to 400 people lived in a sizable, permanent settlement. They were no longer a series of small bands but lived in a large community with more elaborate social organization, probably grouped into clans of people of common descent.
16. According to the passage, major climatic changes occurred by the end of the lee Age in all of the following geographic areas EXCEPT 一一＿.
A. temperate regions of Asia
C. North America
B. southwestern Asia
D. Europe
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17. The phrase “this remarkable change" (L9, Para. I ) refers t 一一一一 ·
A. warming at the end of the Ice Age
B. shifts in mountain siiow lines
C. the movement of people from farms to villages
D. a dramatic increase in the population
18. The word “exotic” （L 10, Para.2) is closest in meani ng t 一一一一一一－
A.
foreign B. sophisticated
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19. Why does the author mention “seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian"?
A. To give examples of objects obtained through trade with other societies
B. To illustrate the kinds of objects that are preserved i n a cool climate
C. To provide evidence that the organization of work was specialized
D. To give examples of the artistic ability of local populations
、20. Which of the following is true about the settlement of Abu Hureyra?
A. The settlement was inhabited by small groups of people from nearby areas.
B. Small bands of people migrated in and out of the settlement.
C. The location of the settlement made permanent development difficult.
D. The easy availability of food led to the growth of the settlement
Passage 5
Increases in population have usually been accompanied by an increase in trade. In the Western experience, commerce provided the conditions that allowed industrialization to get started, which in tum led to growth in science, technology, industry, transport, communications,
social change, and the like that we group under the broad term of “development”. However ‘ the
massive increase in oooulation that in Eurooe was at first attributed to industrialization starting in the eighteenth centurv occurred also and at the same oeriod in China‘ even though there was no comoarable industrialization.
It is estimated that the Chinese population by 1600 was close to 150 miilion. The transition between the Ming and Qing dynasties may have seen a decline, but from 1741 to 1851 the annual figures rose steadily and spectacularly, perhaps beginning with 143 million and ending with 432 million. If we accept these totals, we are confronted with a situation in which the Chinese population doubled in the 50 years from 1790 to 1840. If, with greater caution, we assume lower totals in the early eighteenth century and only 400 mil lion in 1850, we still face a startling fact: something like a doubling of the vast Chinese population in the century before Western contact, foreign trade, and industrialization could have had much effect.
To explain this sudden increase we cannot point to factors constant in Chinese society but must find conditions or a combination of factors that were newly effective in this period. Among these is the almost complete internal peace maintained under Manchu rule during the eighteenth century. There was also an increase in foreign trade through Guangzhou and some improvement of transportation within the empire. Control of disease, like the checking of smallpox by
variolation （天花接种） may have been important. But of most critical importance was the food
supply.
Confronted with a multitude of unreliable figures, economists have compared the population records with the aggregate data for cultivated land area and grain prod uction in the six centuries
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since 1368. Assuming that China’s population in 1400 was about 80 million, the economist Dwight Perkins concludes that its growth to 700 million or more in the 1960s was made possible by a steady increase in the grain supply, which evidently grew five or six times between 1400 and 1800 and rose another 50 percent between 1800 and 1965. This increase of food supply was due perhaps half to the increase of cultivated area, particularly by migration and settlement in the central and western provinces, and half to greater productivity-the farmers' success in raising more crops per unit of land.
Productivity in agriculture was also improved by capital investments, first of all in irrigation. From 1400 to 1900 the total of irrigated land seems to have increased almost three times. There W出also a gain in farm tools, draft animals, and fertilizer, to say nothing of the population growth itself, which increased half again as fast as cultivated land area and so increased the ratio of human hands available per unit of land. Thus the rising population was fed by a more intensive agriculture, applying more labor and fertilizer to the land.
21. Which of the following is true of Chinese population growth between 174land 1851?
A. It coincided with the beginning of industrialization. in China.
B. It prompted speculation about the actual number of people living in China in previous centuries.
C. It continu巳d the steady growth in population of previous centuries.
D. It occurred in the absence of certain conditions generally associated with population growth. 22. According to the passage, the estimated population of China in the mid 1700s was 一一一一＿.
A. 143 million B. 150 million
C. 400 million D. 432 million
23. Which of the following statements about eighteenth-century Chinese society is NOT TRUE?
A. It was troubled by frequent conflicts with foreign nations.
B. It improved its transpo1tation system.
C. It experienced growth in international commerce.
D. It managed to prevent the spread of certain diseases.
24. Paragraph 4 answers which of the following questions about China’s population growth between 1400 and 1965?
A. Which figures relating to China’s population growth were unreliable?
B. ＼＼冯1y did Dwight Perkins assume that China’s population in 1400 was about 80 million?
C. Where in China did most of the popuiation increase take place?
D. ＼＼币1at factors made China’s population growth between 1400 and 1965 possible?
25. The word “aggregate” （L2, Para.4) 1s closest m meaning to 一一一一一－
A. available B. reliable
C. combined D. recorded
Passage 6
Play is easier to define with examples than with concepts. In any case, in animals it consists of leaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, and other movements, either along, with objects, or with other animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for social interaction, exercise, or exploration . One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that it involves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstance-dominance, predation,
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competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the intention of the animals, and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone.
Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a ma忧er debated in the research literatur毡，and the reasons may not be the s创ne for every species that plays. Deteηnining the functions of play is difficult because the 缸nctions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the
animal’s adulthood.
Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefor毡，it results in the J oss of fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.
The benefits of olav must outwei!lh costs. or olav would not have evolved. accordin!l to Darwin ’s theorv. Some of the ootential benefits relate directlv to the heal thy develooment of the brain and nervous svstem. ln one research study, two groups of young rats were raised under different conditions. One group developed in an “enriched" environment, which allowed the rats to interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze training. The other group lived in an
“impoverished" environment in individual cages in a dimly lit room with little stimulation. At the
end of the experiments, the results showed that the actual weight of the brains of the impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the enriched environment (though they were fed the same diets). Other studies have shown that greater stimulation not only affects the sizβ of the brain but also increase the number of connections between the nerve cells. Thus, active play may provide necessarγ stimulation to the growth of synaptic connections in the brain, especially the cerebellum
（小脏i), which is responsible for motor functioning and movements.
Play also stimulates the development of the muscle tissues themselves and may provide the opportunities to pr部tice those movements needed for survival. Prey species, like young deer or goats, for example, typically play by performing sudden flight movements and turns, whereas predator species, such as cats, practice stalking, pouncing, and biting.
26. According to the p出sage, why is play difficult to define?
A. Play must be defined with concepts, not ex创nples .
B. Play behavior often looks like nonplay behavior
C. Play often occurs in the presence of animals that are not playing
D. Play occurs independently of an animal’s intentions
27. Which of the following presents a particular challenge to researchers who study play behavior in animals?
A. The delay between activities and the benefits the animal derives from them.
B. The ditliculty in determining which animal species play and which do not.
C. The fact that for most animals, there is no clear transition from youth to full adulthood.
D. The lack of research on the play behavior of animals other than canids and primates.
28. Each of the following is a cost to animals that engage in play EXCEPT 一一一一·
A. exposure to predators
B. a buildup of fat stores
C. a loss of fuel that could be used for growth
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D. risk of injury from slipping or falling
29. Why does the author include the comment ”though they were fed the same diets”？
A. To show why rats living in impoverished environments need less food than those living in enriched environments
B. To eliminate the possibility that differences in diet were responsibly for observed differences in brain weight
C. To emphasize the point that rats were fed only the amount of food needed to keep them alive
D. To suggest that rats fod the same diet have smaller brains than those fed a varied food
30. According to paragraph 5, why might play behavior of prey species be different from those of predator species?
A. Unlike predator species, prey species use play to prevent inappropriate social behaviors, such as bitir1g.
B. Some prey species are physically incapable of certain types of predator movements.
C. The survival of each species type is linked to pa同icular sets of muscular 扫ovements .
D. Predator species have more opportunities to practice play behaviors than prey species.
Pa rt II Vocabulary and Structure （每小题 0.5 分，共 15 分）
Dir忧也 ms: There are JO incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 岛ur choices marked A), B), C)and D). Choose the best answer to complete each sentence and write the coJTesponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
31. Birds have deserted the area，一一一一the countryside in silence.
A) leave B) to leave C) leaving D) have left
32. I got so mad with him that I slapped him hard across the face; I’m still feeling sorry for what I then.
A〕 has done B) had done C) did D) was doing
33. It is said that it was in this school 一一一一＿Sam delivered his inspirational speech.
A) that B) where C) in which D) there
34. Just complete the 一一一一一＿form and return it in the envelope provided.
A) to been attached B) attached C) attaching D) attach
35. I can’t help 一一一一＿when I hear about studies that show that women are at a disadvantage
when it comes to math.
A) shuddering B) shudder C) shuddered D) to shudder
36. Tom did not believe a single word that she said and 一一一一一一·
A) the police dido’t neither B) neither the police did
C) the police did neither D) neither d id the police
37. Scientists have found that there are four levels of sleep, each 一一一一＿a little deeper than the
previous one.
A) being B) is C) was D) to be
38. Professor Smith 一一一一to Hangzhou before, so I went to meet him at the airport.
A) hadn ’t been B) hasn’t been C) didn’t go D) wouldn ’t go
39. The Mona Lisa，一一一一一一＿in Italy, is now kept in Louvre, a museum in Paris.
A) who painted B) which was painted C) who was painted D) that was painted
40. Ten years later I met Mr. Brown again and found that he looked 一一一＿the same.
A) all B) much C) very D) re位y
41. When you are confronted 一一一一一 more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first.
A) to B) with C) at D) by
42. According to the released news, the town was stricken by a whole series of 一一一一一一·
A) earthquake B! misfortunes C) happening D) activities
43. She is a responsi ble lady; with her in charge, I am sure nothing will 一一一一一·
A) happen B) go wrong C) take place D)occur
44. 一一一一＿my surprise, I was given the job although I sent in the application rather late.
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A) In B) With C) At D) To
45. I would 一一一一 “ five hundred dollars to my cuηent account.
A) transgress B) transfer C) move D) change
46. Rain is expected to 一＿to all parts of the country by this evening.
A) expand B) extent C) expend D) extend
47. The breath-taking movie gained much popularity with people 一一一一一 from children to
grandparents.
A) ranging B) distinguishing C) altering D) differing
48. Those souvenirs that you bought from Europe for us were deeply 一一一一一＿.
A) approved B) appealed C) appreciated D) assumed
49. According to a recent survey, residents of this island have the longest life 一一一 ·
A) rank B) span C) scale D) scope
50. Nowadays, housewives often feel that they are not working to their full 一一一 一一·
A) capacity B) length C) strength D) possibility
51. I accepted the offer because they 一一 一一 me a good post in the company.
A) comforted B) assured C) promoted D) complemented
52. Being taught in a small group is far 一一一一一一 to being taught in a large noisy classroom.
A) remarkable B) workable C) preferable D) flexible
53. Many migrant workers have to queue up to get a(n) 一一一job.
A) odd B) potential C) urgent D) tough
54. All her hopes were 一一一一一＿by the fatal disease that killed her husband.
A) shattered B) shook C) retained D) deεraded
55. I saw to it that my camera was 一一一一一 to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A) adopted B) adapted C) assumed D) adjusted
56. She felt that she was 一一一一一＿by the cunning man in the election.
A) manipulated B) regained C) authorized D) empowered
57. She breathed a sign of 一一一一一＿when she heard that she had passed all the tests.
A) disgust B) relief C) delight D) annoyance
58. A complex look on his face 一一一一＿his pai n, reluctance and depression.
A) conveyed B) channeled C) stated D) remarked
59. Anger is not the most useful or acceptable 一 一一一＿to such events.
A) reaction B) recognition C) objection D) opposition
60. You can 一一一一 them of many things but you can never rob them of their spirit.
A) steal B) take C) grab D) dept村e
Part III Cloze （每小题 0.5 分，共 5 分）
Di1rections: There are 10 blanks jn the followjng passage . For each blank there are 如ur chokes marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the best answer and wdte the co汀espond111g letter on the Answer Sheet.
Insurance is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is 61 to risks of some sort. The
house owner, for example, knows that his 62 『 can be damaged by fires; the ship owner knows that his 63 may be lost at sea; the father knows that he may die 64 an early age and leave his 也mily the 65 . On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fires, 66 every vessel lost at sea. If they 67 put a small sum into a pool, there will be enough to 68 the needs of the f巳w who do suffer losses. In other others, the losses of the few are satisfied from the 69 of the many . This is the basis of insurance. Those who pay the contributions are known as the 70 and those who control
the pool of contributions as “insurers”．
61. A) exposed B) responsive
62. A) health B) property
63. A) vessel B) commodities
64. A) in B) about
65. A) legacy B) will
66. A) but B) nor
67. A) willingly B) reluctantly
68. A) meet B) suffice
C) prone
C) wealth
C) items
C) at
C) poorer
C) and
C) half
C) abound
D) critical
D) furnishing
D) securities
D) on
D) struggle
D) since
D) each
D) arous
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69. A) Joans
70. A) donee
B) savings
B) benefactor
C) pensions
C) sufferer
D) contributions
D) insured
Part IV Proofreading and Error Correction （ 每小题。.5 分，共 5 分）
D飞i1rections: Each indkated line of the follow ing passage contains one erro仁 You should proo企ead the p部sages to identify the errors. Copy the bracketed numbers and the errors and then give your
corrections with a “→”sign on the Answer Sheet in the following way:
e.g. Whenan art museum want a new exhibi.ζ (1)
it buys things in finish form and hangs them on the wal! (2) (On the Answer Sheet)
(I) want → wants
(2) finish → finished
The Masters of Business Administration (MBA), the best known
business school label, is an introduction of general management.
(71)
Harvard style, has remained largely since the 1950s,unaltered and
(72)
seeks to provide a rough knowledge of business functions through
(73)
the case study-a feature incidentall y borrowed from law school. In a
(74)
similar fashion in law school, graduate management programs train
(75)
students to think in particular way, ultimately teaching future business
(76)
leaders analyzing problems quickly and contrive concise solutions.
(77)
However business comprises than merely manipulating numbers and
(78)
sourcing rational answers to problems. Today, all companies and
(79)
schools increasingly aware that business is a human activity; by and
(80)
about people.
Part V English-Chinese Transla tion （每小题 3 分，共 15 分）
Directions: In this pa 役，there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. Thesentences are aII taken from the readiJJg passages you havejust read ill Part I(ReadiJJg Compr 咄ension). You are allowed JO minutes to do the translation. You should refer back to thepassages so as to identify t/Jeir meanings in tbe context
81. (Lines 2-3, Para.3, Passage 2)
By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car's location can be pinned down within JOO meters.
82. (Lines 5-7, Para.I, Passage 3)
Tn view of their later start and their lack of coal-undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers-it is important to understand the sources of their success.
lSJ. tLines ':> - ! , Yara.J, Yassage 4)
For the next 1,500 years, its inhabitants 叫oyed a somewhat wanner and damper climate than today, living in a well-wooded area where wild cereal grasses were abundant.
84. (Lines 4-7, Para. I , Passage 5)
However, the massive . increase in population that in Europe was at first attributed to industrialization starting in the eighteenth century occurred also and at the same period in China, even though there was no comparable industrialization.
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85. (Lines 1-3, Para.4, Passage 6)
The benefits of play must outweigh costs, or play would not have evolved, accordi ng to Darwin ’s theo叩. Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development of the brain and nervous system.
Part VI Writing （共 15 分）
Directions: For tMs part, you are allowed JO minutes to write a short essay entitled To Work in a Small City or a Big One? Youshould write at least I 50 words on the Answer Sheet following the outline gfren.
1. 在小城市工作的好处
2. 在大城市工作的好处
3. 我的选择
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